742 research outputs found

    High-contrast 40 Gb/s operation of a 500 um long silicon carrier-depletion slow wave modulator

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    This paper was published in OPTICS LETTERS and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.003504. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law[EN] In this Letter, we demonstrate a highly efficient, compact, high-contrast and low-loss silicon slow wave modulator based on a traveling-wave MachÂżZehnder interferometer with two 500 μm long slow wave phase shifters. 40 Gb ∕ s operation with 6.6 dB extinction ratio at quadrature and with an on-chip insertion loss of only 6 dB is shown. These results confirm the benefits of slow light as a means to enhance the performance of silicon modulators based on the plasma dispersion effect.Funding by the European Commission (EC) under project Photonics Electronics Functional Integration on CMOS (HELIOS) (FP7224312) and PROMETEO-2010- 087 R&D Excellency Program are acknowledged. F.Y.G, D.J.T. and G.T.R. acknowledge funding support from the United Kingdom Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under the grant “UK Silicon Photonics”.Brimont, ACJ.; Thomson, DJ.; Gardes, FY.; Fedeli, JM.; Reed, GT.; MartĂ­ Sendra, J.; Sanchis Kilders, P. (2012). High-contrast 40 Gb/s operation of a 500 um long silicon carrier-depletion slow wave modulator. Optics Letters. 37(17):3504-3506. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.003504S350435063717Liao, L., Liu, A., Rubin, D., Basak, J., Chetrit, Y., Nguyen, H., … Paniccia, M. (2007). 40 Gbit/s silicon optical modulator for high-speed applications. Electronics Letters, 43(22), 1196. doi:10.1049/el:20072253Gardes, F. Y., Thomson, D. J., Emerson, N. G., & Reed, G. T. (2011). 40 Gb/s silicon photonics modulator for TE and TM polarisations. Optics Express, 19(12), 11804. doi:10.1364/oe.19.011804Thomson, D. J., Gardes, F. Y., Hu, Y., Mashanovich, G., Fournier, M., Grosse, P., … Reed, G. T. (2011). High contrast 40Gbit/s optical modulation in silicon. Optics Express, 19(12), 11507. doi:10.1364/oe.19.011507Brimont, A., Thomson, D. J., Sanchis, P., Herrera, J., Gardes, F. Y., Fedeli, J. M., … MartĂ­, J. (2011). High speed silicon electro-optical modulators enhanced via slow light propagation. Optics Express, 19(21), 20876. doi:10.1364/oe.19.020876Ziebell, M., Marris-Morini, D., Rasigade, G., FĂ©dĂ©li, J.-M., Crozat, P., Cassan, E., … Vivien, L. (2012). 40 Gbit/s low-loss silicon optical modulator based on a pipin diode. Optics Express, 20(10), 10591. doi:10.1364/oe.20.010591Dong, P., Chen, L., & Chen, Y. (2012). High-speed low-voltage single-drive push-pull silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators. Optics Express, 20(6), 6163. doi:10.1364/oe.20.006163Taylor, H. F. (1999). Enhanced electrooptic modulation efficiency utilizing slow-wave optical propagation. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 17(10), 1875-1883. doi:10.1109/50.793770O’Faolain, L., Beggs, D. M., White, T. P., Kampfrath, T., Kuipers, K., & Krauss, T. F. (2010). Compact Optical Switches and Modulators Based on Dispersion Engineered Photonic Crystals. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2(3), 404-414. doi:10.1109/jphot.2010.2047918Brimont, A., Vicente Galán, J., Maria Escalante, J., MartĂ­, J., & Sanchis, P. (2010). Group-index engineering in silicon corrugated waveguides. Optics Letters, 35(16), 2708. doi:10.1364/ol.35.002708Soref, R., & Bennett, B. (1987). Electrooptical effects in silicon. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 23(1), 123-129. doi:10.1109/jqe.1987.1073206Nguyen, H. C., Sakai, Y., Shinkawa, M., Ishikura, N., & Baba, T. (2011). 10 Gb/s operation of photonic crystal silicon optical modulators. Optics Express, 19(14), 13000. doi:10.1364/oe.19.013000Dong, P., Liao, S., Liang, H., Qian, W., Wang, X., Shafiiha, R., … Asghari, M. (2010). High-speed and compact silicon modulator based on a racetrack resonator with a 1 V drive voltage. Optics Letters, 35(19), 3246. doi:10.1364/ol.35.00324

    Functional kernel estimators of conditional extreme quantiles

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    We address the estimation of "extreme" conditional quantiles i.e. when their order converges to one as the sample size increases. Conditions on the rate of convergence of their order to one are provided to obtain asymptotically Gaussian distributed kernel estimators. A Weissman-type estimator and kernel estimators of the conditional tail-index are derived, permitting to estimate extreme conditional quantiles of arbitrary order.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1107.226

    Silicon slow-light-based photonic mixer for microwave-frequencyconversion applications

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    This paper was published in OPTICS LETTERS and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.001721. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law[EN] We describe and demonstrate experimentally a method for photonic mixing of microwave signals by using a silicon electro-optical Mach¿Zehnder modulator enhanced via slow-light propagation. Slow light with a group index of ~11, achieved in a one-dimensional periodic structure, is exploited to improve the upconversion performance of an input frequency signal from 1 to 10.25 GHz. A minimum transmission point is used to successfully demonstrate the upconversion with very low conversion losses of ~7¿¿dB and excellent quality of the received I/Q modulated QPSK signal with an optimum EVM of ~8%.Financial support from FP7-224312 HELIOS project and Generalitat Valenciana under PROMETEO-2010-087 R&D Excellency Program (NANOMET) are acknowledged. F. Y.Gardes, D. J. Thomson, and G. T. Reed are supported by funding received from the UK EPSRC funding body under the grant “UK Silicon Photonics.” The author A. M. Gutiérrez thanks D. Marpaung for his useful help.Gutiérrez Campo, AM.; Brimont, ACJ.; Herrera Llorente, J.; Aamer, M.; Martí Sendra, J.; Thomson, DJ.; Gardes, FY.... (2012). Silicon slow-light-based photonic mixer for microwave-frequencyconversion applications. Optics Letters. 37(10):1721-1723. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.001721S17211723371

    Stopping of energetic sulfur and bromine ions in dense hydrogen plasma

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    The concepts of communicative space, media sphere and public sphere are sometimes used like synonyms one of the other. However, according to us, they are three different concepts: public sphere and media sphere are two distinct spaces symbolic systems which, both, are anchored in communicative spac

    Evaluation des projets de télématique routière : contribution des programmes européens "DRIVE" et "4ème PCRD" à la réflexion méthodologique

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    Ce document a été rédigé par Eric Mouline, du CETE de l’Est, avec des contributions des membres du groupe de suivi CERTU-SETRA. Il s’attache dans un premier temps à définir ce que recouvre le terme évaluation, à préciser quelles sont les différentes « catégories » d’évaluation que l’on peut être amené à conduire, et enfin quelles sont les différentes étapes que l’on rencontre dans tout travail d’évaluation. La suite du document présente les différents apports méthodologiques notables à travers les différents programmes de recherche européens. La méthode d’évaluation socio-économique élaborée lors du projet EVA, très utile quant à la définition de critères d’évaluation « universels » ainsi que la méthode des « 12 ETAPES », ensemble de recommandations facilitant les évaluations nécessitant des essais de terrain, issue du projet FIELD TRIALS, deux projets du programme DRIVE I sont tout d’abord exposées. Le rapport se consacre ensuite à l’étude des travaux menés lors du programme DRIVE II et présente les résultats du projet CORD, qui a élaboré un certain nombre de recommandations adaptées à chacun des thèmes explorés par les projets DRIVE II, ainsi que du projet HOPES, proposant des recommandations utiles à l’appréciation de l’impact des projets en termes de sécurité. Enfin, l’actuel programme cadre de Recherche et Développement est à son tour étudié, et les apports du projet CONVERGE, notamment le guide conçu en 1996 destiné à aider les projets dans leurs tâches d’évaluation, ainsi que de l’étude APAS/ROAD 3 consacrée par la Direction Générale des Transports (DGVII) à l’évaluation sont présentés

    Evaluation des projets de télématique routière : contribution des programmes européens "DRIVE" et "4ème PCRD" à la réflexion méthodologique

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    Ce document a été rédigé par Eric Mouline, du CETE de l’Est, avec des contributions des membres du groupe de suivi CERTU-SETRA. Il s’attache dans un premier temps à définir ce que recouvre le terme évaluation, à préciser quelles sont les différentes « catégories » d’évaluation que l’on peut être amené à conduire, et enfin quelles sont les différentes étapes que l’on rencontre dans tout travail d’évaluation. La suite du document présente les différents apports méthodologiques notables à travers les différents programmes de recherche européens. La méthode d’évaluation socio-économique élaborée lors du projet EVA, très utile quant à la définition de critères d’évaluation « universels » ainsi que la méthode des « 12 ETAPES », ensemble de recommandations facilitant les évaluations nécessitant des essais de terrain, issue du projet FIELD TRIALS, deux projets du programme DRIVE I sont tout d’abord exposées.Le rapport se consacre ensuite à l’étude des travaux menés lors du programme DRIVE II et présente les résultats du projet CORD, qui a élaboré un certain nombre de recommandations adaptées à chacun des thèmes explorés par les projets DRIVE II, ainsi que du projet HOPES, proposant des recommandations utiles à l’appréciation de l’impact des projets en termes de sécurité.Enfin, l’actuel programme cadre de Recherche et Développement est à son tour étudié, et les apports du projet CONVERGE, notamment le guide conçu en 1996 destiné à aider les projets dans leurs tâches d’évaluation, ainsi que de l’étude APAS/ROAD 3 consacrée par la Direction Générale des Transports (DGVII) à l’évaluation sont présentés

    Surface/interface engineering of InAs quantum dot edge-emitting diodes toward III-V/SiN photonic integration

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    We investigate the surface and interface engineering on InAs quantum dot (QD) emitters, by fabricating and measuring a series of edge-emitting light-emitting diodes. These diodes are encapsulated with non-stoichiometric silicon nitride (SiN) layers with various refractive indices. By analysing the optical and electrical characteristics, it is concluded that Si-rich SiN is an excellent candidate for both electrical and optical passisvations with reduced surface recombination. While the N-rich SiN deposited by the same method shows an improved device performance under optical pumping, the passivation does not appear to be as effective under electrical injection. Our findings provide important information related to the surface engineering of the interface between InAs QD stacks and non-stoichiometric SiN materials, which is arguably one of the crucial steps required to establish monolithic integration of InAs QD emitters with CMOS photonics components

    10 Gbit/s error-free DPSK modulation using a push-pull dual-drive silicon modulator

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    [EN] We experimentally demonstrate a high-speed differential phase shift keying (DPSK) modulation using a silicon push-pull operated dual-drive Mach Zehnder modulator (MZM) based on carrier depletion. 5 Gbit/s and 10 Gbit/s error-free modulation is demonstrated by demodulating the generated DPSK modulated signal using a demodulation circuit based on a polarization delay interferometer through the use of a differential group delay (DGD). Furthermore, the potential for higher DPSK modulation speeds up to 20 Gbit/s is also demonstrated. The obtained results validate the potential to achieve higher order modulation formats, such as quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), by arranging the MZM in a nested configuration. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Financial supports from HELIOS (Photonics Electronics Functional Integration on CMOS) FP7-224312 and Generalitat Valenciana under PROMETEO-2010-087 R&D Excellency Program (NANOMET) are acknowledged. M. Aamer and P. Sanchis thank Dr. Javier Herrera for his useful help. D.J. Thomson, F.Y. Gardes and G.T. Reed are supported by funding received from the UK EPSRC funding body under the grant “UK Silicon Photonics”.Aamer, M.; Thomson, DJ.; Gutiérrez Campo, AM.; Brimont, ACJ.; Gardes, FY.; Reed, GT.; Fedeli, JM.... (2013). 10 Gbit/s error-free DPSK modulation using a push-pull dual-drive silicon modulator. Optics Communications. 304:107-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2013.04.051S10711030
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